Information: This scholarship is funded by Universitas Padjadjaran - Indonesia.
Subject Areas: Pharmaceutical Sciences
Project Title: Potential Effect of e-Cigarrete, Ciggarete, Cigaratte Reference stimulates hypermethylation promoter p16 and its correlation with characteristic changes in CCL-171 cell line
Project Supervisor: Melisa Intan Barliana, Dr. Med. Sc., Apt.
Project Description:
Smoke exposure of cigarette has been shown to cause development and progression of lung cancer. Currently, cigarette products are not only conventional cigarettes (with burning) but electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) or e-Cigs and e-liquids. This product increases the risk of developing and progressing lung disease even though conventional cigarettes have a higher risk. Conventional cigarettes have been shown to hypermethylate several promoters resulting in transcriptional silencing of several suppressor genes, such as genes involved in the cell cycle (p16), in apoptosis (DAPK), and in proliferation and differentiation (RARβ). The prevalence of lung cancer may affected by inter-individual character such as genetic polymorphisms. For example genes involved in the metabolism of carcinogenic compounds found in cigarettes (CYP1A1) and genes involved in detoxification (GSTM1). Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the risk progression of lung cancer in normal lung cells due to the effect of ENDs on the incidence of hypermetylation of the promoter p16, DAPK, and RARβ, as well as changes in characteristic of the cells. Furthermore, to analyze how the effect of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms on the hypermetylation. The inflammatory response and antioxidant status will also be analyzed after exposure to cigarette smoke. Exposure to cigarette smoke will use smoking machines LM1 and LM4 (Borgwaldt) on normal lung cell culture (CCL-171). The smoke of e-Cigarettes (e-Cigs), cigarettes (conventional cigarettes), and reference cigarettes (1R6F) will be exposed to normal lung cells CCL-171. In the first year, there will be cytotoxicity, promoter methylation, and cell morphology analysis. Methylation analysis of the promoter gene will use the Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) method with specific primers for p16. Cell morphology will be analyzed using Odissey LiCOR. In the second year, analysis of cytokines, antioxidant status, and gene construction will be carried out. The cytokines to be analyzed were IL-6 and IL-8 using the ELISA method. Measurement of antioxidant status through measurement of total glutathione (GSH) using a colorimetric method. Next, the construction of CYP1A1*2A and GSTM1 genes will be carried out which will be confirmed by sequencing. The third year will carry out the transfection of constructed-genes that to normal lung cells. Furthermore, cigarette smoke exposure will be exposed to normal lung cells that had been transfected with the CYP1A1*2A or GSTM1 gene, and MSP analysis will be done on p16, and cell morphology. This study will confirm smoke exposure to normal lung cells affecting lung cancer development in vitro.